The Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) & Its Implementation in Our Country

  

Introduction:

21st century is known as an innovative age. On the off chance that the innovation is included with adapting particularly in English then it would be totally simpler and fascinating for students to adapt a new language. As a matter of fact, English is turning into a vital issue these days on the grounds that our day by day life requires English in each worldwide perspective. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) ought to interest both the instructors and students with the goal of compelling technology based language learning, especially EFL learning. Be that as it may, more often than not as a Bangladeshi students, they are denied from this chance of innovation based dialect learning framework. The point of this investigation is to discover all the viability of CALL, upgrade over current learning, and the amount it is actualized in our unique situation.

In spite of the fact that the idea of CALL is well known in western culture and very new in Bangladeshi context, however there are few inquiries about on it. In the event that any college chooses to put a PC helped language course in their educational programs, this paper will assist them with learning about the present circumstance of CALL at the tertiary level.

Literature review:

Now the biggest question is what is CALL? CALL is the application of computer technology to language learning and teaching. It normally designs a language course to become practical rather than theoretical, which also covers the techniques of using software, CD-ROM, World Wide Web and mobile, computer as tools resources of language learning for both language teachers and learners. In fact, any use of computers to aid or support the education system or learning process or any kind of training of people. 

According to Avent and Joseph Harman (1994), “the language learning differences between students using computer assisted language learning and students using the traditional language.”

To support my research proposal I have studied 3 papers regarding this-

·         The role of computer assisted language learning (call) in promoting learner autonomy (Arzu Mutlu).

This paper was published to highlight ‘how to utilize learning environment with technology and develop learners’ autonomy or self-learning. The paper found out that the structured training group improved in their usage of language learning strategy, had higher motivation, were more willing to take responsibility for their own learning and were engaged in extra-curricular activities related to the study. Whether non structured traing group was unaware of everything except normal classroom activities.

·         Implementation of CALL in the EFL Classroom: Teachers’ Perspectives and Attitudes in Developing CALL-based Classroom (Nazmul Naher Nila). 

This research paper focused to the teacher’s perception of implementation of CALL and how a teacher usually sees a CALL-based classroom. Though the implementation of CALL is tough in our Bangladeshi context and the situation is not satisfactory, but teachers are eager to implement it.

·         Integrating Computer Assisted Instruction in the EFL Classroom of Bangladesh (Naima Afrin)

Naima Afrin’s paper focused on how CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning)/CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) can be supplemented for teaching the English language learning in tertiary level of Bangladesh.

Research Questions:

·         To what extent CALL increases learners’ motivation?

·         How does the application of computer assisted language learning affect learner’s perceptions of English?

Methodology:

I will apply the mixed method which is the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. I will choose the English language for learning and teaching in CALL. As a qualitative research method, I will take face-to-face interview of teachers from a particular computer-based English language course. And it may be formal in his office-room or maybe informal over phone. I will arrange a questionnaire for undergrad students which includes in quantitative research method. In addition, the setting will be the formal classroom setting.

Participant:

Participants are teachers and students from undergrad level.

Setting:

My survey will be occurred in 3 public and private universities of Dhaka.

Findings: 

However, not all the students can access internet or CALL but they need to be motivated. After doing this research, we may find how much CALL motivates learners and how much it is important for learning language skills and computer-related skills. The learning process may seem boring but CALL makes it interesting. So, we will also know the students’ perception or individual perspective regarding English Language Learning through CALL.

Implication:

The importance of teachers’ training based on CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) will be noticed by this proposal. Most importantly, it will help to focus on the elements of CALL. This research paper will help government, authority, and teachers to implement CALL in all over the country. It will also develop learners’ language skills learning through CALL. Furthermore, this study will promote CALL in Bangladesh at least in foreign language learning.

Conclusion:

Therefore, CALL has important potential for language learning and teaching. It can interest and motivate learners especially in English. Finally, the effectiveness of CALL relies on how it is utilized to meet language learning goal and how well it is implemented. 

 References:

1. A. M. (2013). • The role of computer assisted language learning (CALL) in promoting learner autonomy. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research.

2. NIla, N. N. (2013). Implementation of CALL in the EFL Classroom: Teachers’ Perspectives and Attitudes in Developing CALL-based Classroom (Unpublished master's thesis). Brac University.

3. Md. Haider-Takad Chowdhury - English Language Teaching – 2012. Promoting CLT within a Computer Assisted Learning Environment: A Survey of the Communicative English Course of FLTC

4. S. H. (2010). Attitudes of L2 teachers towards Internet-based foreign language teaching (Master's thesis, European University of Lefke, Gemikonagi-Lefke, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey). 2010 Published by Elsevier.

5. B. T. (n.d.). COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING: AN OVERVIEW. Retrieved from http://web.warwick.ac.uk/CELTE/tr/ovCALL/booklet1.htm

  

মানুষের ব্যথা আমি পেয়ে গেছি ☺ -জীবনানন্দ দাশ

মানুষের ব্যথা আমি পেয়ে গেছি পৃথিবীর পথে এসে — হাসির আস্বাদ
পেয়ে গেছি; দেখেছি আকাশে দূরে কড়ির মতন শাদা মেঘের পাহাড়ে
সূর্যের রাঙা ঘোড়া; পক্ষিরাজের মতো কমলা রঙের পাখা ঝাড়ে
রাতের কুয়াশা ছিঁড়ে; দেখেছি শরের বনে শাদা রাজহাঁসদের সাধ
উঠেছে আনন্দে জেগে — নদীর স্রোতের দিকে বাতাসের মতন অবাধ
চলে গেছে কলরবে; — দেখেছি সবুজ ঘাস — যত দূর চোখ যেতে পারে;
ঘাসের প্রকাশ আমি দেখিয়াছি অবিরল, — পৃথিবীর ক্লান্ত বেদনারে
ঢেকে আছে; — দেখিয়াছি বাসমতী, কাশবন আকাঙ্খার রক্ত, অপরাধ

মুছায়ে দিতেছে যেন বার বার কোন এক রহস্যের কুয়াশার থেকে
যেখানে জন্মে না কেউ, যেখানে মরে না কেউ, সেই কুহকের থেকে এসে
রাঙা রোদ, শালিধান, ঘাস, কাশ, মরালেরা বার বার রাখিতেছে ঢেকে
আমাদের রুক্ষ প্রশ্ন, ক্লান্ত ক্ষুধা, স্ফুট মৃত্যু — আমাদের বিস্মিত নীরব
রেখে দেয় — পৃথিবীর পথে আমি কেটেছি আচঁড় ঢের, অশ্রু গেছি রেখে
তবু ঐ মরালীরা কাশ ধান রোদ ঘাস এসে এসে মুছে দেয় সব।

কত দিন ঘাসে আর মাঠে
আমার উৎসাহে প্রাণ কাটে
খড় খুঁটি—অশ্বথ্থের শুকনো পাতা চুপে উল্টাই
দু’একটা পোকা যদি পাই
আমারে চেনো না নাকি: আমি যে চড়াই।
কতদিন তোমাদের ভোরের উঠানে
দু’-একটা খই আর মুড়কির ঘ্রাণে
উড়ে আসি চুপে
দেখি কোনো রূপে
চাল ডাল ছোলা ক্ষুদ খুঁজে পাই কিনা
ঝুরঝুর ক’রে ফুল ফুরায় সজিনা
থুপ্‌ থুপ্‌ থুপ্‌ থুপ্‌—একাকী লাফাই
ঘুম নাই—চোখে ক্লান্তি নাই
থুপ্ থুপ্ থুপীর মতন
দেখিনি কি করি আহরণ
চিনি মিঠাইয়ের গুঁড়ি—মিশ্রির কণা
ছাতু আটা…কলসীর পাশে বুঝি নাচিছে খঞ্জনা!
আকাশে কতটা রোদ
তোমাদের এত কি আমোদ।
ছোট ছোট ছেলে আর মেয়েদের দল
উঠানে কিসের এত ভিড়
ছোট ছোট ছেলেমেয়ে—তোমাদের নরম শরীর
হাতে তবু পাটকেল—ঢিল ?
আমারে তাড়াও কেন? আমি বুঝি দাঁড়কাক চিল!
চীনেবাদামের খোসা শূন্য ঠোঙা এই শুধু চাই
আমি যে চড়াই।
যাই উড়ে যাই
জানালার পাশে
বোলতার চাক খুব বড়ো হয়ে আসে
হলদে বোলতা পাখি, ভাই
এসেছি চড়াই
এনেছি একটা কুটো আর এক খড়
এই নিয়ে ঘরের ভিতর
আমিও বানাবো এক ঘর
কি বলো তোমরা
ভাটের বনের থেকে এলে কি ভোমরা
মধু পেলে খুঁজে
সারাদিন একটুও ঘুমাইনি,—চোখ আসে বুজে
মাকড়শা, অন্ধকারে আছো তুমি মিশে
এখানে কার্ণিশে
আমারে ঘুমাতে দেবে ভাই
আমি যে চড়াই—
থাক ঘুম—যাই উড়ে যাই
আমি যে চড়াই।
ঘুম নাই—চোখে ক্লান্তি নাই
কাঠমল্লিকায়
কাঁঠালী শাখায়
করবীর বনে
হিজলের সনে
বেগুনের ভিড়ে
ঘাসের শরীরে
যাই—যাই—যাই
চাই—চাই—চাই
গাই—গাই—গাই
ঘুম নাই—নাই
আমি যে চড়াই।
তবু একদিন
যখন হলুদ তৃণ
ভ’রে আছে মাঠে
পাতায় শুকনো ডাঁটে
ভাসিছে কুয়াশা
দেখিলাম খানিকটা রোম
মাঠের কিনারে ঘাসে—নির্জন নরম
শিশিরে রয়েছে ডুবে—চোখ বুজে আছে
কেমন সহিষ্ণু ছায়া মুখের উপরে পড়িয়াছে
বহুক্ষণ আমারে থাকিতে বলে এইখানে
এই স্থির নীরবতা, এই করুণতা
মৃত্যুরে নিঃশেষ ক’রে দেয় নাকি: নক্ষত্রের সাথে কয় নাকি কথা ?
এর চেয়ে বেশি রূপ, বেশি রেখা, বেশি করুণতা
আর কে দেখাতে পারে
আকাশের নীল বুকে—অথবা এ ধুলোর আঁধারে।। ☺

জীবনাানন্দ দাশ্

Connection Between Water and Land Pollution!

What is Water and Land Pollution? Water Pollution is the contamination of streams, lakes, underground water, bays, or oceans by substances harmful to living things. Water is one of the most essential things that pertain to life for all living things. Impure water kills plants and animals. It also causes humans to fall sick and acquire other illnesses like child-birth defects and cancer. Land pollution is similar to that of water. It is the contamination of land with hazardous waste like garbage and other waste materials that don’t belong to the land. These are consumed by plants and animals and then when the next consumer feeds on either the plant or the animal, it plies up and contaminates the body.

FERTILIZERS As the human population grows, more and more planting must be done to sustain them. As a result of these measures have been taken by agriculturalists to maximize the production of foodstuffs. To make sure that they don’t waste their time after they have planted the now produce, they spray them with chemicals to keep rodents away from the crops. They either use pesticides or insecticides to kill and deter weeds, fungi, and rodents. When these chemicals are sprayed on the crops, it sinks into them and the plants grow absorbing them and then when we eat them, we have the chance of falling ill or getting all kinds of illnesses like cancer and birth defects. Some of these pesticides also move through the air and then and inhaled. Because pesticides and insecticides are made to resist rain and some rodents have developed a genetic resistance for these chemicals, farmers use more than they should and it stays in the atmosphere for a longer period of time. Some of these have brought about the devastation and other forms of pollution to the environment. When the topsoil is washed away, it sometimes gets into streams and rivers and causes dirt to get into our drinking water. GARBAGE In some urban areas, they are experiencing a problem with the disposal of garbage and other kinds of waste that can be hazardous to their health such as some solvents (Lead sulfate) and other industrial waste that can get into our drinking streams. So, they dispose of their garbage and another waste where they think is appropriate for them and they get into the drinking streams and the soil, then into the body and they fall sick and some of them even die. Instead of doing this, they could recycle their waste and live in a healthier environment. HEAVY METALS Some heavy metals are copper, lead, mercury, and selenium. They get into water bodies and from industrial waste, car exhaust, mines and from the soil. Also, animals drink from these water bodies and then get contaminated and it gets passed on to us the end consumers. These metals are harmful to the body and when they pile up, contaminate the body and then become poisonous causing sickness or long-term health problems. Taking cadmium into account, it is derived from sewage sludge can be absorbed by crops and it can cause diarrhea and even over time liver and kidney problems. Lead, another poisonous metal, gets into our drinking water from the solder in the water systems and it causes mental retardation in children. HAZARDOUS WASTE These are waste chemicals that are either poisonous, capable of producing explosive or toxic gas, capable of corroding steel or flammable. These wastes always get into our water streams through improper dispose of waste by industries and other companies. In 1969 the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio, was so polluted with hazardous wastes that it caught fire and burned.  Factories sometimes turn waterways into open sewers by dumping oils, toxic chemicals, and other harmful industrial wastes into them. In mining and oil-drilling operations, corrosive acid wastes are poured into the water. In recent years, municipal waste treatment plants have been built to contend with water contamination. Some towns, however, still foul streams by pouring raw sewage into them. Septic tanks and cesspools, used where sewers are not available, may also pollute the groundwater and adjacent streams, sometimes with disease-causing organisms. Even the purified effluent from sewage plants can cause water pollution if it contains high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Farm fertilizers in some regions fill groundwater with nitrates, making the water unfit to drink. Agricultural runoff containing dangerous pesticides and the oil, grime, and chemicals used to melt ice from city streets also pollute waterways.    PESTICIDES AND HERBICIDES Herbicides and pesticides is another major source of pollution. These are the chemicals, such as chlordane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) used by the farmers to kill unwanted animals on their farms. The animals feed on the plants with the chemicals and then die. Other animals feed on the plants and live. Now, the ones that live get contaminated and then pass the chemicals that have got into their tissues and other parts of their bodies, on to the next consumer. After a time, these chemicals gather or get into our drinking sources, through rainfalls and erosion, and then the water is contaminated. Also, when the chemicals get into the rivers and other sources of life for animals that live in water, they consume the water and then they get contaminated with these chemicals. So then, any consumer who eats the fish also gets affected by the contaminated fish or whatever animal it is. Oxygen levels in the water may drop to such dangerously low levels that oxygen-dependent animals in the water, such as fish, die. This process of depleting oxygen to deadly levels is called eutrophication. Animals of the land that feed on the crops that have been sprayed with the chemicals also get contaminated and the end consumers, which are us human beings, get polluted and affected. These chemicals can cause birth defects and cancer when they get into the body. OIL SPILLS AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Oils spills are another form of water pollution. Ships that travel by oil and other products derived from oil that are used as fuels, lubricants, plastics, and other purposes, at times spill oil into the sea accidentally. On the French coast, in 1978, the tanker Amoco Cadiz and the Exxon Valdez in Alaska in 1992 got wrecked. This becomes a think layer on the surface of the water and then prevents oxygen from getting into the water and carbon dioxide from coming out. Because most petroleum products are poisonous, the fish get contaminated with chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Routine and deliberate discharges, when tanks are flushed out with seawater, also add a lot of oil to the oceans. Offshore oil platforms also produce spills: The second largest oil spill on record was in the Gulf of Mexico in 1979 when the Ixtoc1 well spilled 530 million liters (140 million gallons). The largest oil spill ever was the result of an act of war. During the Gulf War of 1991, Iraqi forces destroyed eight tankers and onshore terminals in Kuwait, releasing a record 910 million liters (240 million gallons). An oil spill has its worst effects when the oil slick encounters a shoreline. Oil in coastal waters kills tide pool life and harms birds and marine mammals by causing feathers and fur to lose their natural waterproof quality, which causes the animals to drown or die of cold. Additionally, these animals can become sick or poisoned when they swallow the oil while preening (grooming their feathers or fur).                                                                             Water and land both are connected and easily can be polluted by each other. Both have the chemistry to pollute the environment. Actually, both are parts of environmental pollution.

:)

Subhan Allah ^_^

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